High-Resolution CT of the Lung in Children: Technique, Indications, Anatomy, and Features of Lung Disease

Abstract

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest provides lung images with excellent anatomic detail. HRCT is a valuable technique to gain information on the pattern and anatomical distribution of lung disease, determine the response to therapy, and guide clinical management. Enormous advances in technology in recent years now enable high-quality volumetric CT examinations to be performed at progressively lower radiation doses. Routine use of low-dose techniques is mandatory in pediatric patients to minimize the potential side effects of ionizing radiation exposure. In this chapter, the HRCT features of the normal and abnormal lungs are reviewed and the differential diagnosis of the most common abnormal HRCT patterns is provided. Noncontiguous HRCT with 1 mm slices at 10 or 20 mm intervals remains the technique of choice in the evaluation of many pediatric lung conditions.