Policy and the governance framework for wastewater irrigation: Jordanian experience

Abstract

Many countries in West Asia are facing challenges related to management of their scarce water resources. Challenges are exacerbated by population growth and climate change. In this context treated wastewater for agricultural purposes can become a significant component. Accordingly, this chapter aims to present Jordan's experience in the field of wastewater treatment and reuse with interest in the governing legal and institutional framework and its evolution. Jordan is considered one of the few water-stressed countries in the region that has become successful in managing the limited water resources. In addition, treated wastewater use in agriculture is a well-developed practice in Jordan for decades and was originally motivated by the severe water scarcity and the demand to provide the agricultural sector with non-conventional irrigation water. The chapter is arranged in sections where the challenges and the solutions adapted at regional level are introduced together with historical development of sanitation paradigms. The chapter then digs into the details of Jordan's experience in treated wastewater use and presents how the legal and institutional arrangements were formulated. Challenges and opportunities associated with treated wastewater use in Jordan are then presented and required improvements as recognized by the government are introduced.