Treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis in persons with HIV

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Persons with advanced HIV infection and those not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at highest risks of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of both HIV and TB are keys to treatment success. Concurrent treatment of both infections can be challenging due to high pill burden, overlapping toxicities, drug interactions, adherence concerns, and the potential of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This chapter provides an overview of treatment regimens and duration of therapy for drug-susceptible TB, management of adverse drug reactions, monitoring parameters, adherence interventions, and appropriate timing for ART initiation in this patient population.