Solution for Root Canal Treatment Failure: Comparison of Antibiofilm between Aloe Vera Extracts and Chitosan Shrimp Shells of the Formation Biofilm Enterococcus Faecalis

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium in the root canal that can cause root canal treatment failure and is frequently found in root canal infections due to its ability to form biofilm. As a natural ingredient, aloe vera extract and chitosan can be used as an antibiofilm. This study aims to compare the antibiofilm properties of aloe vera extract and chitosan shrimp shells. The antibiofilm test was divided into two groups: groups I and II, tested 24 h and 72 h after biofilm formation by adding 0.1 mL of aloe vera suspension and 0.1 mL of chitosan suspension in 96 well plates containing E. faecalis. The aloe vera extract and chitosan concentrations used were 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. 0.1% crystal violet staining and OD values were measured using an ELISA reader. In the first group, aloe vera extracts at 25% concentration were more significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 93.77%, whereas chitosan at 25% concentration was most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 90.59%. In the second group, aloe vera extracts of 12.5% concentration were most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 90.68%, while chitosan at 25% concentration was most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 88.37%. Aloe vera extract at a concentration of 12.5% can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms more effectively compared with that of the shrimp shell chitosan.