Surtsey, Iceland

Abstract

Surtsey is a volcanic island approximately 32 km from the coast of Iceland. It was formed by volcanic eruptions that took place from 1963 to 1967 and has been protected since its birth. The island has been intensively studied for its geology, geomorphology, and ecology since its eruption. The main island is 90% basalt volcanic rock with 29 active volcanic systems, much hydrothermal activity, and an eruption on average every 3 years. Free from human interference, Surtsey is a pristine natural laboratory for scientists, which has been producing long-term information on the colonization process of new land by plant and animal life. It is part of the world’s most active tectonic boundaries, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the North American and Eurasian plates.