Cryptococcal laryngitis: An uncommon presentation of a common pathogen

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous encapsulated yeast found worldwide, especially in areas with pigeons. The fungus thrives in pigeon droppings and is responsible for primary pulmonary infection, but may disseminate and cause infection of the central nervous system, skin and bone. Most cases are reported in immunocompromised hosts, most commonly those infected with HIV. However, infection has been reported in immunocompetent hosts. Primary infection of the larynx is uncommon, and to date only 12 cases have been reported. We present the first South African report of a young woman with HIV who presented with hoarseness of uncertain aetiology, which was later confirmed to be cryptococcal laryngitis.