Functions of Invertebrate Glia

Abstract

Invertebrate glial cells exhibit a vast array of structural and functional specializations. The cells vary markedly at different sites and at different stages of development in individual species, and amongst the different groups. In a number of situations, particular glial properties have become well developed and have been studied in detail. They include mechanical support and protection of neurones, formation of occluding permeability barriers, wrapping of axons to speed up impulse conduction, removal of neurones, uptake and release of transmitters, supply and exchange of nutrients and metabolites with the neurones, and guidance of migrating neurones. The various functions are summarized and discussed.