A Journey through ω-3 Supplements: Future Perspectives for Precision Nutrition

Abstract

Increasing evidence has shown that fatty acids play a key factor in nutrition and health. Despite the well described health benefits associated to the omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) intake from epidemiological and clinical trials, controversial results are found from some clinical trials regarding the effect of ω-3 FA supplementation to handle certain diseases. In this review, we provide orientation for the reader to understand the importance of a personalized recommendation of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation based on a precision nutrition approach. We begin by reviewing the metabolic relevance of ω-3 fatty acids and then discuss the current state of ω-3 fatty acid supplements regarding their indications, regulation, variety from brand to brand, adverse effects and the need to implement a personalized supplementation. We conclude with future perspectives for practitioners and general guidance on precision nutrition.