Pulmonary nitric oxide metabolism following intrarenal aortic cross-clamp-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract

Objectives: to investigate endogenous pulmonary nitric oxide metabolism following infrarenal aortic cross-clamp-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6) were subjected to 60 minutes of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping under general anaesthesia. Rats were culled after 0, 60 and 120 minutes' reperfusion, following release of the aortic clamp. A sham-operated control group was also studied. Acute lung injury (ALI) was quantified by measuring the protein concentration in lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration and degranulation in the lung. Plasma tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α was measured as an index of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and pulmonary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by measuring conversion of 3H L-arginine to 3H L-citrulline in tissue homogenates. Results: these data show significant ALI with increased pulmonary microvascular permeability and MPO activity in animals subject to 60 minutes' ischaemia and 60 minutes or 120 minutes of reperfusion compared to control animals (p < 0.01). Plasma TNF-α levels were significantly increased following 60 minutes of ischaemia compared to controls (p < 0.01) and remained significantly increased in animals subject to reperfusion (p < 0.01). Pulmonary NOS activity was significantly increased in animals subject to reperfusion (p < 0.01). Conclusions: the reperfusion phase of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping provokes a significant increase in pulmonary NOS metabolism. The increase in plasma TNF-α and MPO activity suggests that this response may be secondary to inducible NOS expression. Manipulation of this response may benefit patients at risk of acute injury following infrarenal aortic reconstruction.