Infecciones del tracto genital y urinario como factores de riesgo para parto pretérmino en adolescentes

Abstract

Objective: To determine genitourinary infections as risk factors for preterm delivery in teenagers. Method: Case-control study in the Family Medicine Unit IMSS Querétaro, from October 2010 to October 2011. We included 35 teenagers with preterm delivery and 148 who delivered at term, using non-random sampling, we excluded those with preeclampsia, eclampsia or other diseases. Data were collected from electronic medical record. We studied socio-demographic variables, gyneco-obstetrics antecedents, mode of delivery (preterm and term), and genitourinary infections. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed by urine culture or urinalysis, with ≥ 105 CFU and >10 leukocytes per field, respectively. Vaginal infection was diagnosed by vaginal culture with report of pathogens and / or by clinic. The analysis was performed using percentages, averages, chi-squared test, odds ratio, t-test and confidence intervals. Results: The 54.3% of the teenagers with preterm delivery had urinary tract infection, while only 33.8% of those with term delivery presented it (p = 0.02). Also 57.1% of adolescents with vaginal infection had preterm delivery compared with 35.1% of those giving birth at term (p=0.01). Conclusion: Vaginal and urinary infections increase twice the risk of preterm delivery in teenagers.