Evaluation of bio-oil compounds of catalytic fast pyrolysis by multivariate analysis

Abstract

Öz The presence and amounts of chemicals in bio-oil produced by catalytic fast pyrolysis are affected by the process parameters, hence, the relationships between the chemicals and process parameters need to be investigated in detail by multivariate analysis techniques. The present work classifies the most available 11 chemicals in bio-oil based on the 24 samples (treatments) of catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments of municipal solid wastes by using principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). There were 3 principle components (PCs), but the first 2 PCs explained 74% of the total variance. The samples and variables (chemicals) were clustered into 4 and 2 different groups, respectively, in PCA. The samples and variables were clustered in 2 main groups and a few subgroups in HCA. Both PCA and HCA results showed that there was a clear grouping in the samples and variables.