Metabolic and functional aspects of zinc in Down syndrome

Abstract

This study reports the functional aspects of zinc as well as its participation in the metabolic changes present in individuals with Down syndrome. Most of the studies performed observed that the nutritional status related to zinc in these patients is inadequate, with changes in the antioxidant and immunological systems and in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. In vitro studies show that zinc participates as a cofactor of the enzyme deiodinase type II in the peripheral conversion of thyroxin into triiodothyronine, and that this reaction is decreased in individuals with Down syndrome, contributing to the manifestation of disorders such as subclinical hypothyroidism. Changes in zinc compartmentation in the body of these individuals also favor an excessive expression of the copper/zinc enzyme (Cu/Zn) superoxide dismutase, with increased oxidative stress, and also changes in the immune system. In Down syndrome, zinc supplementation has been shown to improve thyroid hormone metabolism and immune function. Therefore, the metabolic role of zinc in Down syndrome should be further researched, knowing that this mineral can.