Sero-Epidemiological Study of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Bovine of South Gujarat

Abstract

A study conducted at Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science, Kamdhenu University, Navsari, Gujarat State, India on the sero-epidemiology of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in 1396 bovine (870 cattle and 526 buffaloes) of Southern Gujarat revealed 29.73% overall BoHV-1 antibody in 415 animals. The seroprevalence among cattle (38.16%) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in comparison to buffaloes (15.78%). Significant variation in prevalence rate was noted across the districts with Navsari (35.70%) top on the list followed by Valsad, Tapi and Surat (23.45%). Females of these species showed a non-significant higher seroprevalence (30.04%) rate in comparison to their male counterparts. Age-wise seroprevalence differed highly significantly. The higher serop-revalence (58.09%) was recorded among very adult animals (over 7 years of age) with least seroprevalence in below one year of age group (10.75%) indicating animals of increasing age to be more susceptible. While in ELISA, out of 870 cattle serum samples, 332 (38.16%) samples were found to be positive for IBR antibodies with non-significantly maximum seroprevalence recorded in Valsad district (42.45%) followed by Tapi, Navsari and least in Surat (35.71%). The rate of seroprevalence was highly significant and recorded highest in pure exotic breed, HF (44.45%) followed by HF cross (40.47%), Jersey (40%), Jersey cross (33.33%), nondescript (28%) and the least in pure indigenous breed, Gir (18.75%). Seroprevalence was seen to be non-significantly higher in females (38.28%) than male (34.48%). Cattle above seven years of age showed 59.40% prevalence followed by other younger age groups with least in below one year of age (23.47%). In buffaloes, out of 526 sera screened, 15.78% cases were found to be positive for IBR antibodies. It was noted significantly to be highest in Valsad (27.45%) followed by Navsari, Surat and Tapi districts. Among different breeds, Surti showed 50.00% seropositiv-ity followed by Mehsani (13.19%) and nondescript breed (9.09%) with least recorded in Jafarabadi (8.33%). Females showed non-significantly higher (15.90%) prevalence than males (13.79%). Like cattle, animals of increasing age (below one to more than 7 years age) appeared more susceptible with highest in the oldest group (34.26%) and the least (8.45%) recorded in the youngest group. In cattle, the prevalence of IBR was statistically higher in clinically ailing (30.40%, 173/569) than apparently healthy (14.29%, 43/30) animals. Among clinically ailing cattle, history of genital tract infection on the top (48.61%, 70/144) followed by respiratory disorder (30.66%), eye infection (25.26%), pyrexia and/anorexia (22.35%), repeat breeder (17.50%) and abortion (14.29%,4/28) were noticed in different combinations. Among clinically ailed cattle, the highest in older group having 37% seroprevalence and the lowest (4.76%) in the youngest age group (1-4 years). Female showed non-significantly higher (31.07%) than males (16%).