Emerging algebraic growth trends in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic data

Abstract

We study the reported data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak in January-May 2020 in 119 countries. We observe that the time series of active cases in individual countries (the difference of the total number of confirmed infections and the sum of the total number of reported deaths and recovered cases) display a strong agreement with algebraic growth and at a later epidemic stage also with a combined algebraic growth with exponential decay. Our results are also formulated in terms of compartment-type mathematical models of epidemics. Within these models the universal scaling characterizing the observed regime in an advanced epidemic stage can be interpreted as an algebraic decay of the relative reproduction number R 0 as T M/t, where T M is a constant and t is the duration of the epidemic outbreak. We show how our findings can be applied to improve predictions of the reported pandemic data and estimate some epidemic parameters. Note that although the model shows a good agreement with the reported data, we do not make any claims about the real size of the pandemic, as the relationship of the observed reported data to the total number of individuals infected in the population is still unknown.