Diseño y validación de un instrumento para medir actitudes machistas, violencia y estereotipos en adolescentes

Abstract

Design and validation of a tool to measure sexist attitudes, violence and stereotypes among adolescents Objective: the design and psychometric validation of a tool to evaluate sexist attitudes, violence and stereotypes among adolescents. Method: based on theoretical considerations, a preliminary bank of items was built and then submitted to a panel of experts for consideration, in order to guarantee the validity of its contents. The questionnaire including these 26 items was administered to a sample of High School students, together with tools that allowed to measure: double standards, subjective wellbeing, self-esteem and resilience. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was used in order to measure the internal consistency (reliability) of the scale. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis. Tabulation and data analysis was conducted with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: the sample included 283 students (174 women and 109 men), with 16.68 (0.85) as mean age (SD). The final 20-ltem scale, EVAMVE, presented a Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of 0.878 (CI 95% 0,860-0,895) and positive and significant correlations (p < 0.05) with the following measures: double standards, subjective wellbeing and resilience. EVAMVE showed positive correlation with the self-esteem measure, but this was not significant. Conclusions: the scale presents satisfactory features of reliability and validity, allowing its use for detecting sexist and violent attitudes and stereotypes among the adolescent population, as well as the differentiation of their different components. It is considered that this tool might be useful for assessing activities targeted to prevention of gender violence in said population.