Utilization of diverse sequencing panels for future plant breeding

Abstract

Discovery of the DNA double helix represents one of the great milestones in biology. For plant researchers, a set of complex sequence composition of four different nucleotides arrayed on DNA present important clues for solving the role of genes. Along with the Human Genome Project, unveiling the genome sequence of many organisms contributed to the development of next-generation technologies and their applications have increasingly gained momentum. Initial sequencing efforts have been performed on viruses, bacteria and small plant genomes. Drafting of the entire genome with high sensitivity made possible highthroughput analysis of nucleotide strings. Today, molecular markers have pivotal role in the development of resistant plants of high quality. In plant breeding, choosing the most appropriate genotype via modern and cost-effective tools has become an urgent need. With the introduction of Sanger sequencing, reference genome sequences of some plants have begun to be released publicly with different coverage levels. Mining of raw data, originally generated by different sequencing platforms, has caused a shift toward ongoing genome sequencing projects. Also, polyploidy and repetitive DNA sequences are the two main challenging factors of sequencing which prevent seeing the big picture. Above all, development of long-read length based and single molecule real-time sequencing methods have began to take place in the commercial market. Thus, it will be possible to sequence larger parts of a genome at one time without loss. Extending the sequencing revolution will reduce cost and give high-throughput from the laboratory to the field and upgrade the understanding of plant genome organization.