Bleeding disorders in implant dentistry: a narrative review and a treatment guide

Abstract

Purpose: Considering a high prevalence of congenital and especially acquired bleeding disorders, their heterogene-ity and the multitude of possible treatments strategies, a review of the scientific data on this topic is needed to implement a treatment guide for healthcare professionals. Methods: A selective literature review was performed via PubMed for articles describing oral surgery / dental implant procedures in patients with congenital and acquired bleeding disorders. Out of the existing literature, potential treatment algorithms were extrapolated. Results: In order to assess the susceptibility to bleeding, risk stratification can be used for both congenital and acquired coagulation disorders. This risk stratification, together with an appropriate therapeutic pathway, allows for an adequate and individualized therapy for each patient. A central point is the close interdisciplinary cooperation with specialists. In addition to the discontinuation or replacement of existing treatment modalities, local hemostyptic measures are of primary importance. If local measures are not sufficient, systemically administered substances such as desmopressin and blood products have to be used. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence, a treatment guide could be developed by means of this narrative review to improve safety for patients and practitioners. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to allow the implementation of official evidence-based guidelines.