Token-to-token variability and anticipatory coarticulation as indicators of maturity of speech motor control in 4-year-old children

Abstract

Children's gestures do not appear to be executed with the same dexterity as adults'. Studies of arm movements have shown that young children's gestures are less accurate, more variable and slower than those of adults. This difference in behavior can be explained by a lack of experience with the sensory consequences of motor acts and still-developing forward models for the control of those acts. The hypothesis of immature and incomplete sensori-motor representations for speech in 4-year-old native speakers of Canadian French is addressed here through the analysis of ultrasound recordings of tongue contour kinematics and the speech signal from a corpus of isolated vowels and vowel-consonant-vowel sequences. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of vowel variability from two perspectives. Variability across repetitions in a single context provides information about the accuracy of the control. Contextual variability provides insights into the planning process as reflected in anticipatory coarticulation. Analysis of the observed lingual gestures will lead to improved understanding of the development of speech motor control and refinement of sensori-motor representations of speech. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.