The effect of intracoronary injection of contrast medium upon coronary blood flow

Abstract

The changes in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary injection of 3 ml of 76% Renografin were studied in 47 patients using the thermodilution technique for continuous measurement of coronary sinus blood flow. Within seconds after left coronary injection, an increase in coronary sinus flow began which peaked at an average of 53% above control in 5 - 10 sec. There was a corresponding decrease in coronary resistance. Flow returned to control level in almost all patients within one minute of injection. Twenty four of 35 patients had no change in coronary sinus flow in response to right coronary injection. This can be explained by the fact that most of the venous flow from the right coronary artery returns in such a way that it cannot be measured by the coronary sinus catheter. Of the 11 patients who did show an increase, 7 had angiographically documented right to left collaterals, suggesting that the increase in flow was the result of vasodilatation of the left coronary bed by contrast arriving via the right to left collaterals. The percent changes in flow and resistance in response to left coronary injection were significantly greater in the 13 normals than in the 34 with obstructive disease of the left coronary artery (P < 0.01). Flow rose 70±27% (mean ±standard deviation) in the normals versus 46±25% in the patients with coronary artery disease, while resistance fell 44 ± 9% versus 33 ± 11%. The differences, however, were not sufficient for these changes to be of value in the assessment of the degree of impairment of the coronary arterial bed in the individual patient.