Competition Between Chimpanzees and Humans: The Effects of Harvesting Non-timber Forest Products

Abstract

The direct effects of competition between humans and non-human animals over non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are not well understood. In some cases, a type of sustainability appears. In other cases, there is overharvesting by humans, which can negatively affect biodiversity directly and human economics indirectly. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the economic, cultural, ecologic, and conservation complexities entwined in the human collection of NTFPs. To do this, we will examine competition between western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and humans for the wild fruit species Saba senegalensis at the Fongoli research site in southeastern Senegal. Interviews conducted with local people focused on the type, use, and economic importance of wild growing plants. For humans living there, the Saba fruit represents a much-needed source of sustenance and income at a time when crop stores are depleted and new crops have yet to produce. Ecologic studies were also conducted. For chimpanzees, Saba is a vital food source at a time when most other foods are scarce. If 2 the rate of Saba removal from the area is not controlled, however, chimpanzees and humans may both be forced to face a future without this important fruit.