In the field of haptics, conditions for mechanical “transparency” [1] entail such qualities as “solid virtual objects must feel stiff” and “free space must feel free” [2], suggesting that a suitable actuator is able both to do work and readily have work done on it.
CITATION STYLE
Kenneally, G., Chen, W. H., & Koditschek, D. E. (2020). Actuator Transparency and the Energetic Cost of Proprioception. In Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics (Vol. 11, pp. 485–495). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33950-0_42
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