Traditional medicinal plants used by hypertensive patients in Belize: a qualitative evaluation of beliefs and practices

Abstract

Background: Belize is rich in rainforest and vast medicinal plants that have the potential for drug discoveries. Few studies have examined the use of medicinal plants in the management of chronic diseases in Belize. The present study appraised indigenous Belizeans' opinions, beliefs, and practices of medicinal plants used for hypertension management. Twenty-four hypertensive patients were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide from January to May 2019. Interview results were transcribed using Microsoft Excel and loaded into qualitative data analysis (QDA) Miner Lite version 2.0.6 online software for coding. The integrated themes and sub-themes generated were presented in narrative passages and used to summarize study findings on medicinal plants used in the management of hyper-tension in Belize. Results: Fifteen medicinal plants belonging to 15 plant families were reported by the participants as medicinal plants used to manage hypertension. The plants include Annona muricata, Artocarpus altilis, Cecropia peltata, Ananas comosus, Cymbopogon andropogoneae, Uncaria tomentosa, Allium sativum, Bixa orellana, Moringa oleifera, Momordica charantia, and Cassia grandis. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part; decoction was the most common method of preparation, while ½ to 1 glass was the daily recommended dose. Mild side effects were reported, while antioxidant activity was the perceived efficacy. Conclusion: Hypertensive patients in Belize opined that medicinal plants and herbs were efficacious in lowering blood pressure, as evidenced by home monitoring and regular checkups at the hospital. They also reported minimal side effects in the use of the medicinal plants. There is a need for a comprehensive evaluation of Belize's medicinal plants to unravel their potential for drug discovery.