Y-chromosome haplotypes are associated with variation in size and age at maturity in male Chinook salmon

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Abstract

Variation in size and age at maturity is an important component of life history that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. In salmonids, large size confers a direct reproductive advantage through increased fecundity and egg quality in females, while larger males gain a reproductive advantage by monopolizing access to females. In addition, variation in size and age at maturity in males can be associated with different reproductive strategies; younger smaller males may gain reproductive success by sneaking among mating pairs. In both sexes, there is a trade-off between older age and increased reproductive success and increased risk of mortality by delaying reproduction. We identified four Y-chromosome haplogroups that showed regional- and population-specific variation in frequency using RADseq data for 21 populations of Alaska Chinook salmon. We then characterized the range-wide distribution of these haplogroups using GT-seq assays. These haplogroups exhibited associations with size at maturity in multiple populations, suggesting that lack of recombination between X and Y-chromosomes has allowed Y-chromosome haplogroups to capture different alleles that influence size at maturity. Ultimately, conservation of life history diversity in Chinook salmon may require conservation of Y-chromosome haplotype diversity.

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McKinney, G. J., Seeb, J. E., Pascal, C. E., Schindler, D. E., Gilk-Baumer, S. E., & Seeb, L. W. (2020). Y-chromosome haplotypes are associated with variation in size and age at maturity in male Chinook salmon. Evolutionary Applications, 13(10), 2791–2806. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13084

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