Dislocation exhaustion and ultra-hardening of nanograined metals by phase transformation at grain boundaries

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Abstract

The development of high-strength metals has driven the endeavor of pushing the limit of grain size (d) reduction according to the Hall-Petch law. But the continuous grain refinement is particularly challenging, raising also the problem of inverse Hall-Petch effect. Here, we show that the nanograined metals (NMs) with d of tens of nanometers could be strengthened to the level comparable to or even beyond that of the extremely-fine NMs (d ~ 5 nm) attributing to the dislocation exhaustion. We design the Fe-Ni NM with intergranular Ni enrichment. The results show triggering of structural transformation at grain boundaries (GBs) at low temperature, which consumes lattice dislocations significantly. Therefore, the plasticity in the dislocation-exhausted NMs is suggested to be dominated by the activation of GB dislocation sources, leading to the ultra-hardening effect. This approach demonstrates a new pathway to explore NMs with desired properties by tailoring phase transformations via GB physico-chemical engineering.

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Wu, S., Kou, Z., Lai, Q., Lan, S., Katnagallu, S. S., Hahn, H., … Feng, T. (2022). Dislocation exhaustion and ultra-hardening of nanograined metals by phase transformation at grain boundaries. Nature Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33257-1

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