Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract

Given that Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis causing arterial dysfunction and injury, there is concern that this may contribute to atherosclerosis. While the vascular pathology differs from atherosclerosis, it is unclear whether traditional cardiovascular risk factors produce further injury or superimpose atherosclerotic changes. Most studies show that patients with a history of Kawasaki disease do not have a predisposition to cardiovascular risk factors, although those with ongoing coronary artery involvement may have chronic inflammation. Nonetheless, all patients should undergo assessment and management of cardiovascular risk factors to maintain optimal cardiovascular health across the lifespan. Lifestyle counselling for healthy behaviors is recommended as the cornerstone of management, and motivational interviewing is advocated as a more effective counselling technique. Specific attention should be focused on counselling for physical activity participation, particularly if a precaution is indicated.