High-fidelity multi-criteria aero-structural optimisation using hierarchical parallel evolutionary algorithms

Abstract

This paper describes a parallel multi-criteria (multi-objective) evolutionary algorithm for aero-structural problems. The foundations of the algorithm are based upon traditional evolution strategies and incorporate the concepts of a multi-objective optimisation, hierarchical topology, asynchronous evaluation and parallel computing. The algorithm works as a black-box optimiser and has been coupled to several aerodynamic and aircraft conceptual design solvers such as a higher order panel method, a commercial FEA solver and an automated aerodynamic and structural mesh generation program. In this automated process the optimiser defines design variables from which the geometry, both internal and external, is generated and then analysed by the aerodynamic solver. The pressure forces are mapped into the structural model. Single or multiple objectives can be defined to find non-dominated-Pareto optimal solutions or the Nash equilibrium. The parallel computing capabilities in combination with hierarchical levels of aerodynamic and FEA solvers are exploited to reduce computational expense. Applications and results on the use of the methodology are illustrated on the aero-structural analysis of a high aspect ratio aircraft/UAV wing. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.