Neurobehavioral and Neurodevelopmental Sequelae Associated with Pediatric HIV Infection

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects associated with HIV-1 infection, an evolving infectious disease, in infancy and childhood as understood in 2005. A review of basic concepts is initially presented to introduce the reader to the pediatric HIV and AIDS terminology and diagnostic nomenclature. Subsequently, updated American and global epidemiological data depicting the continued spread and staggering impact of this epidemic are examined. The chapter then briefly traces the virological and immunological effects of the virus. Next, neuropathological and other biological concomitants associated with an HIV-positive status and immunocompromised states are briefly reviewed. The bulk of the remainder of the chapter is devoted to the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral sequelae associated with HIV infection. Finally, treatment and neurodevelopmental issues, as well as potential avenues for future research, are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)