Comparative Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Piper betle Leave Extracts from Barguna and Moheshkhali, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Leaves of Piper betle are frequently used in South and Southeast Asia for traditional treatment and as a mouth freshener. Our purpose was to compare the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of betel leaves from Barguna and Moheshkhali against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Methods: We extracted the betel leaves with acetone and ethanol according to the standard procedure. The extracts were analyzed for the presence of phytochemical properties by a standard procedure, antibacterial susceptibility by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution assay and functional groups were obtained by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Results: We found the presence of a good number of phytochemicals in both Barguna and Moheshkhali extracts. In most of the cases, extracts of Moheshkhali leaves showed a greater zone of inhibition than Barguna extracts. Acetonic and ethanolic extracts of Barguna showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 2.12 to 4.25 mg/mL, where Moheshkhali extracts showed between 2.12-8.5 mg/mL. The functional groups obtained by FT-IR spectra analysis were compared for the extracts. Conclusion: Betel leaves can be utilized to augment the shelf life of foods, treatments and boost up immunity following comprehensive studies.