Bioelectrical impedance spectrometry for the assessment of lymphoedema: Principles and practice

Abstract

Early detection of lymphoedema is critical for therapeutic intervention at the earliest opportunity to provide the best outcome for patients. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy provides a safe, non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method to detect lymphoedema in the latent or sub-clinical phase. The technique determines the accumulation of lymph by measuring the opposition (impedance) to the flow of an electric current through the affected or at-risk body region. Studies have shown that the method is highly reliable, accurate and sensitive. The technique can also be used to monitor the progression of early stage lymphoedema or its response to treatment. The underlying principles of the method and its practical implementation are described. The clinical utility of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy for lymphoedema assessment is reviewed.