Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis: To identify promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) design to systematically screen blood metabolome for potential mediators of psychiatric disorders and further predict target-mediated side effects. Study Design: We selected 92 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with totally 147 827 participants. Summary statistics for bipolar disorder (BIP), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), panic disorder (PD), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and anorexia nervosa (AN) originated from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, involving 1 143 340 participants. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to estimate associations of blood metabolites with psychiatric disorders. Phenome-wide MR analysis was further performed to predict side effects mediated by metabolite-targeted interventions. Results: Eight metabolites were identified associated with psychiatric disorders, including five established mediators: N-acetylornithine (BIP: OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.79]; SCZ: OR, 0.74 [0.64-0.84]), glycine (BIP: OR, 0.62 [0.50-0.77]), docosahexaenoic acid (MDD: OR, 0.96 [0.94-0.97]), 3-Hydroxybutyrate (MDD: OR, 1.14 [1.08-1.21]), butyrylcarnitine (SCZ: OR, 1.22 [1.12-1.32]); and three novel mediators: 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (1-arachidonoyl-GPC)(BIP: OR, 0.31 [0.23-0.41]), glycoproteins (BIP: OR, 0.94 [0.92-0.97]), sphingomyelins (AN: OR, 1.12 [1.06-1.19]). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that all identified metabolites except for N-acetylornithine and 3-Hydroxybutyrate had additional effects on nonpsychiatric diseases, while glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, N-acetylornithine, and butyrylcarnitine had no adverse side effects. Conclusions: This MR study identified five established and three novel mediators for psychiatric disorders. N-acetylornithine, glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, and butyrylcarnitine might be promising targets against psychiatric disorders with no predicted adverse side effects.