Socio-Spatial Distribution of Airborne Outdoor Exposures – An Indicator for Environmental Quality, Quality of Life, and Environmental Justice: The Case Study of Berlin

Abstract

Population growth and rapid urbanization accelerate the scarcity of limited environmental resources such as land, drinking water, energy, and clean air, especially in urban agglomerations (Kabisch and Kuhlicke 2014). Environmental pollution of air, water and soil, noise, and littering adversely affect the environmental quality and quality of life, especially of populations within cities and in their surroundings.