The Use of Infrared Thermal Imaging to Determine Functional Nasal Adequacy: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this study was to establish a numeric threshold to separate functional from substantially obstructed noses using comparisons of thermal imaging and subjective scores. Study Design: An inexpensive smartphone application and hardware attachment that uses infrared thermal imaging was tested to differentiate between substantial nasal blockage from an adequately functioning nose. Setting: Sequential adult participants who presented to a public hospital otolaryngology clinic between June and August 2018 were asked to complete the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) tool. Methods: A thermal video imaging device was used to record the difference in temperature (ΔT) between inspired (I) and expired (E) air at each nostril. The nostril ΔT between I and E air of patients with severe obstruction by the subjective measure (NOSE score) was compared with that of patients with minimal symptoms. Results: A total of 26 participants were enrolled in the study. During normal respiration, Total ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean of 9.0, whereas the Total ΔT for the obstructed group had a mean of 7.69, a 17% difference that was statistically significant at P =.045. For the worst-performing nostril tested, ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean/median of 4°C, while the obstructed group had a mean of 3.23°C (median 3; 23.8% difference, P =.023). Conclusion: Measures of thermal imaging, particularly at the threshold between the median scores of the worst-performing nostril, may be a useful clinical test to differentiate between a substantially obstructed nose from an adequately functioning nose, although more data are required.