Epigenetic Code for Cell Fate During Development and Disease in Human

Abstract

Epigenetic reprogramming is the leading mechanism for cell differentiation in early development which gradually takes place upon zygote formation. This is governed by epigenetic modifications of genes involved in cell differentiation defined by Waddington’s landscape. Somatic cells have specific gene expression profiles regulated by distinct epigenetic patterns. Therefore, they maintain their identity and specific gene profiles throughout lifetime. Although somatic cells can be induced into stem cell-like structures, the possible transformation of the cells can be associated with disruptions in cell identity leading to carcinogenesis. The epigenetic code for cell identity is the crucial player for maintaining stability and wellness of the cells during their lifespan. This review summarizes the epigenetic regulations involved in establishment of cellular fate and their abnormalities in cancer.