Membrane lipids and modulation of vascular smooth muscle Ion channels

Abstract

In vascular smooth muscle (VSM), lipids regulate the function of many cellular proteins, including ion channels. Lipids can directly target ion channels or regulate ion channels indirectly, that is, through interactions with cell signalling molecules that eventually target the ion channel. We summarize current knowledge on VSM ion channel regulation by lipids, whether lipids are originated in the smooth muscle itself, vascular endothelium, or paracrine or circulation sources, with a focus on possible direct interaction between lipid molecules and the proteins that constitute the VSM ion channel complex. We also describe the contribution of such lipid- VSM ion channel interaction to VSM physiology and pathophysiology. However, more than one mechanism or type of interaction may be involved in lipid-induced regulation of VSM ion channels and some mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, which adds signifi cant complexity to the fi eld. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie lipid modulation of VSM ion channels, however, is necessary for developing novel therapeutic approaches to improve vascular function and prevent or counteract widespread cardio/cerebrovascular disorders.