Alternative strategies for spatial reasoning with diagrams

Abstract

This paper examines the nature of problem solving with diagrams on domain-general and domain-specific spatial tasks. Although individuals often solve such tasks using imagistic strategies (e.g. mental rotation, perspective taking), alternative strategies are available. For example, the use of algorithms or heuristics can allow the problem solver to complete these tasks by abstracting spatial or non-spatial information from internal or external representations. Here, we explore the availability of diverse strategies for solving tasks from spatial ability tests and organic chemistry. From an analysis of the potential problem spaces on such tasks, we offer a novel framework for classifying the strategies individuals use to solve spatial problems. Our classification places spatial problem solving strategies in a space defined by three dimensions that characterize the extent to which a strategy (1) recruits spatial versus non-spatial information, (2) relies on internal versus external representations and (3) involves modification of representations. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.