Changing trends in prevalence of goitre in hilly areas

Abstract

Background: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders affecting the population worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the emerging changing trends in prevalence of thyroid lesions in hilly areas to control and prevent goitre in these areas. Methods: 100 patients with thyroid swelling were taken up in this study. The study included detailed history taking including age and sex, patient’s presenting symptoms, dietary habits, psychological status, complete physical examination and investigations like thyroid functions tests, fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography neck. The findings were noted and analysed. Results: More incidence of goitre was seen in females and younger and middle age groups. Hypothyroidism is more prevalent but there is increasing prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Non neoplastic lesions are much more common than neoplastic lesions. There is strong correlation between dietary habits and thyroid disorders. Stress factor has a role in thyroid disorders. Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are common in hilly regions with age, sex, stress and dietary habits playing an important role in their prevalence.