Migration stress and subjective well-being in unaccompanied migrant children

Abstract

Unaccompanied migrant children (UMC) represent a group that shares the status of an irregular migrant and a minor and who are exposed to multiple stressors that interfere with their integration in the host country. In addition, their arrival in waves generates enormous pressure on the Child Protection System (CPS), which is often forced to focus on covering the most basic needs and cannot meet other equally important needs. This study aims to determine the levels of well-being and migratory stress suffered by UMC, as well as the factors that affect these two variables. Forty-four UMS completed the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) and the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale (BISS). The results indicate that UMC suffer from migratory stress, especially intercultural general stress, and their levels of wellbeing are lower than those of other adolescents. The results show that the two variables are closely related, as high levels of stress are associated with a decrease in well-being. Variables such as the family's situation, length of stay, having proper documentation and training are essential for improving well-being and reducing migratory stress. These results are interpreted and discussed regarding previous research in this field and proposals for intervention with this group.