Assessing Extinction Risk in Cercopithecus Monkeys

Abstract

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the biogeography of 19 Cercopithecus species. We investigated the socio-economic and political situation in countries where Cercopithecus monkeys occur and modeled national deforestation trends in specific areas of occupancy. We determined the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of Cercopithecus monkeys’ vulnerability by analyzing specific characteristics and the effects of habitat loss on specific distribution and survival, and by evaluating the impact of socio-economic and political factors on species conservation in Africa. We found that specific area of occupancy is declining in most countries but substantial variation in habitat decline trends and specific long-term survival exists. Small-bodied Cercopithecus species with restricted distribution, and specialized habitat requirements and dietary preferences are the most threatened. Socio-economic constraints and lack of representative protected areas exacerbate the risk of extinction, as well as the additional occurrence of civil unrest. Cercopithecus monkeys are particularly at risk in the Upper Guinea refugium of West Africa, especially in Sierra Leone where species may be extinct in about 30 years if the present trends of deforestation and human disturbance continue. In addition, the bushmeat trade is widespread in specific hotspots, especially in areas controlled by rebels, such as in the Upper Guinea and Great Lakes regions.