Synthesis of C-Oligosaccharides through Versatile C(sp3)−H Glycosylation of Glycosides

Abstract

C-oligosaccharides are pharmacologically relevant because they are more hydrolysis-resistant than O-oligosaccharides. Despite indisputable advances, C-oligosaccharides continue to be underdeveloped, likely due to a lack of efficient and selective strategies for the assembly of the interglycosidic C−C linkages. In contrast, we, herein, report a versatile and robust strategy for the synthesis of structurally complex C-oligosaccharides via catalyzed C(sp3)−H activations. Thus, a wealth of complex interglycosidic (2→1)- and (1→1)-C-oligosaccharides becomes readily available by palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)−H glycoside glycosylation. The isolation of key palladacycle intermediates and experiments with isotopically-labeled compounds identified a trans-stereoselectivity for the C(sp3)−H glycosylation. The glycoside C(sp3)−H activation manifold was likewise exploited for the diversification of furanoses, pyranoses and disaccharides.