Factores de riesgo de carga en cuidadores informales de adultos mayores con demencia

Abstract

Introduction: aging of the Cuban population is considered to be an achievement; however, it is a present reality that brings big challenges to the whole society, particularly the family which is the main source of protection and support for elders. Objectives: to diagnose the burden and to identify its risk factors in the informal caregivers of old people with dementia. Methods: cross-sectional analytical research conducted in 192 caregivers, who went to the consultation service of the multidisciplinary geriatric care teams in the Ibero-American Institute for the Old Age and in the health areas located in Playa and Plaza municipalities from 2003 to 2009. The variables related to the patient, the caregiver and the family were studied. The collected information stemmed from the administration of different instruments such as caregiver characterization questionnaire, Zarit's burden scale and the family functioning test. A case-control study was designed and the logistic regression technique was used in order to identify the risk factors of burden. Results: the caregivers were mostly middle-aged daughters having health problems, high consumption of pharmaceuticals and economic restrictions. They were generally inexperienced and lacked appropriate knowledge about dementia and how to manage it. Conclusions: the burden is present in most of the caregivers and the main risk factors are degree of patient's dependence on the caregiver, depression and family functioning. The age of the caregiver is the protecting factor in terms of burden.