Non-Invasive Ventilation: Indications and Caveats

Abstract

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) provides respiratory support in patients with respiratory failure while waiting for the underlying pharmacologic treatment to take effect. Compared with invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV is easier to use. It can be delivered through different interfaces and by using different modes of mechanical ventilation. NIV patients need to be closely monitored to detect any clinical deterioration and aiming to minimize the risk of delayed intubation. Here, we review the latest evidence about the use of NIV, from the modes and interfaces to the evidence in different clinical settings.