Encephalocele: A Case Series From Abuja, North Central Nigeria

Abstract

An encephalocele is a congenital tube defect in which there is an extension of intracranial structures outside the normal confines of the skull. Its presentation at birth provokes a lot of anxiety amongst parents, guardians and care providers with regards to compatibility with life, surgical treatments and effects on developmental milestones and higher mental functions. This report is on our initial experience in the first six months following surgical treatment of four consecutive cases presenting in infancy. The aim of this case series is to report our initial experience of the management of encephaloceles using four consecutive cases that presented in infancy. A review of four infants who presented to our neurosurgery service was conducted including patterns of presentation, neuroimaging findings, scope of surgical intervention and neurological outcome at the six-month review. The results are presented in short case reports and summarized in a table. Two five-month-old females, one six-month-old female and one two-month-old female infants presented to our neurosurgery clinic with progressively increasing encephaloceles at different locations. Brain MRI revealed meningo-encephalocele in all, but with associated hydrocephalus in two cases only. They all had excision and repair of encephalocele under the same general anaesthesia while only two had a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Developmental milestones were on course at 6 months follow-up following discharge. Although the presentation of encephaloceles can be frightening to parents and care providers, careful clinical and radiological evaluation is a recipe for sound surgical planning and improved outcome.