Blood Biochemical Parameters and Immunohistochemistry of Superoxide Dismutase in Rats with Exercise and Given Tempe Extract

Abstract

Muscle activity in intensive physical exercise increases the production of oxygen radical species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress, inflammation, changes in hematological values, decreases intracellular antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. This study aims were to determine the effect of tempe extract supplementation on the hematological profiles, interleukin-10, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in excessive physical exercise rats. Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treated groups. P0 treatment (normal control rat), P1 treatment (swimming rat), and P2 treatment (rats were given tempe extract 150 mg/kg bw and swimming). Excessive-training rats were held for 1 hour every day for 4 weeks. At the end of the study blood were taken for the analysis of hematological values, interleukin-10 (IL-10), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD activity, and liver SOD expression by using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that rats that had excessive physical exercise increased the blood hematology profiles i.e.: erythrocytes, leukocytes, Hgb, blood hematocrit, increased IL-10 levels, MDA levels, while SOD activity decreased. Supplementation of 150 mg/kg bw tempe extract in excessive physical exercise rats could inhibit the formation of MDA and was able to modulate SOD. Tempe extract supplementation given during excessive physical exercise in the rats did not significantly change the hematological profiles and IL-10, and was not significantly different (P>0.05) compared to the normal control group. It can be concluded that excessive exercise in rats increases the levels of IL-10, MDA and decreases SOD activity. Giving tempe extract during excessive exercise maintains the leukocyte profile and IL-10 levels close to their normal values and is able to inhibit the formation of MDA and increases SOD activity.