Safety and efficacy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)

Abstract

Since the discovery of targeted therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been introduced as the first‑line treatment for non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who carry sensitizing ALK‑activating mutations. Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, small‑molecule ALK‑TKIs exhibit excellent clinical efficacy in ALK‑positive NSCLC. A series of studies have indicated that ALK‑TKI agents as the first‑line treatment, including crizotinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, alectinib and entrectinib, can benefit patients with ALK‑positive NSCLC. However, resistance to ALK‑TKIs has emerged. ALK‑TKIs are associated with significantly disabling and undesirable effects that adversely impact quality of life and compliance. This study reviews the pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of ALK‑TKI agents in order to summarize these effects as well as the relevant management strategies. It is worth emphasizing that the frequency and severity of an adverse effect often varies across different trials. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Approved ALK‑TKIs 3. Safety evaluation 4. Future directions.