Lymphatic Anomalies

Abstract

Lymphatic anomalies include varied disorders of lymphatic dysfunction, fluid collection , and involvement of bone and visceral tissues. Presentation of these disorders is dependent on anatomic location of involvement. As the lymphatic system is important to host immunity, lymphatic disorders often have risk of infections, and, when lymphatic fluid is lost, lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia can occur. The nomenclature for lymphatic anomalies is evolving and often confused in the literature. In 2014, a consensus statement was published on the classification of lymphatic anomalies by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Within the new classification, lymphatic malformations were subsequently divided into several subsets. The overal ISSVA classification was then updated in 2018. Further evolution of lymphatic disorder classification will likely occur as lym-phangiography techniques have recently improved our understanding and visualiza-tion of these disorders.