The current state of intermittent intraoperative neural monitoring for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroidectomy: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses

Abstract

Purpose: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the most common and detrimental complications following thyroidectomy. Intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring (I-IONM) has been proposed to reduce prevalence of RLN injury following thyroidectomy and has gained increasing acceptance in recent years. Methods: A comprehensive database search was performed, and data from eligible meta-analyses meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted. Transient, permanent, and overall RLN injuries were the primary outcome measures. Quality assessment via AMSTAR, heterogeneity appraisal, and selection of best evidence was performed via a Jadad algorithm. Results: Eight meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses included between 6 and 23 original studies each. Via utilization of the Jadad algorithm, the selection of best evidence resulted in choosing of Pisanu et al. (Surg Res 188:152–161, 2014). Five out of eight meta-analyses demonstrated non-significant (p > 0.05) RLN injury reduction with the use of I-IONM versus nerve visualization alone. Conclusions: To date, I-IONM has not achieved a significant level of RLN injury reduction as shown by the meta-analysis conducted by Pisanu et al. (Surg Res 188:152–161, 2014). However, most recent developments of IONM technology including continuous vagal IONM and concept of staged thyroidectomy in case of loss of signal on the first side in order to prevent bilateral RLN injury may provide additional benefits which were out of the scope of this study and need to be assessed in further prospective multicenter trials.