Acute heart failure syndromes and endocrine disorders

Abstract

Common and uncommon endocrine abnormalities may be found or be associated with or even cause acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS). Nevertheless, the frequency of endocrine abnormalities in AHFS is mostly unknown, since the vast majority of the relevant medical literature is based on sporadic case reports. Clinicians should bear this caveat in mind, and particularly seek the factors from the past medical history that are associated with endocrine disease. © 2008 Springer-Verlag London.