Proteomics: Applications and advances

Abstract

Proteomics provides a snapshot of gene expression in a particular cell, tissue, or organ at the time of sampling. Since the proteome is the link between the genotype and phenotype of an organism, characterization of the proteome provides information regarding the adaptability and physiology of an organism in relation to its environment. Proteomics is proving invaluable as a tool in marine biotechnology, where it has been employed to identify and characterize unique bioactive gene products, characterize the function and regulation of metabolic processes, elucidate marine biodiversity, and identify biomarkers of pollution and disease. Aquaculture of commercially important marine fish and shellfish has benefitted through a proteomics approach to address issues relating to disease, larviculture, and animal production in order to improve the profitability and sustainability of the industry. This chapter describes a wide variety of studies that illustrate the application of proteomics in marine biotechnology. The rapid improvements in proteomics technology expected over the next few years are guaranteed to result in dramatic advances in our understanding and use of the valuable resources provided by the marine environment.