Stem Cells, Pre-neoplasia, and Early Cancer of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract

Detection of€Early Neoplasia. Includes index. This book is a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of pre-malignant disease, emphasizing common themes in the field, including stem cell biology and histologic modes of cancer progression between the distal esophagus and stomach. Its sixteen chapters discuss metaplastic tissue change in the upper GI, clonalexpansion of early neoplasia, stem cell dynamics in experimental models, pathology of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, therapeutic modalities for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pathology of Barrett esophagus, screening, early detection and novel diagnostic tools for Barrett's esophagus, clonal evolution of Barrett esophagus, endoscopic therapeutic modalities of early esophageal cancer, pathology of early gastric cancer, and experimental models for gastric cancer. Stem Cells, Pre-neoplasia and Early Cancer of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract is an integrative text on both the current state of translational research on every cancer development of the upper gastrointestinal tract as well as on novel clinical diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. It highlights a rapidly growing field within cancer research and is essential reading for oncologists, biochemists and advanced graduate students alike. Springer Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series presents multidisciplinary and dynamic findings in the broad fields of experimental medicine and biology. The wide variety in topics it presents offers readers multiple perspectives on a variety of disciplines including neuroscience, microbiology, immunology, biochemistry, biomedical engineering and cancer research. Contributors; Chapter 1: Distal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and€Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Time for€a€Shared Research Agenda; References; Part I: Introduction; Chapter 2: Clonal Evolution of€Stem Cells in€the€Gastrointestinal Tract; How Many Stem Cells Are in€the€Intestinal Crypt?; What Factors Determine Stem Cell Number in€the€Crypt?; Neutral Competition and€the€Rules of€the€Game; Dynamics in€the€Pyloric Glands of€the€Stomach Epithelium; Clone Behavior in€Corpus Glands of€Stomach Epithelia; References; Chapter 3: The Complex, Clonal, and€Controversial Nature of€Barrett's Esophagus. Introduction The Basic Unit of€the€Human GI Tract Mucosa Is the€Gland; Gland Phenotypes in€Barrett's esophagus; The Stem Cell Niche and€Niche succession in€Barrett's; Tracing Clonal Lineages in€Barrett's; Clonal Expansions in€Non-dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus; Clonal Dynamics and€Expansion in€Barrett's Esophagus; Combining Clonal Labeling with€Phenotype; Clonal Expansion Postradiofrequency Ablation (RFA); Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: A New Pathologic Assessment of€Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap; Introduction. Progression of€GORD with€Empiric PPI Therapy Definition of€Irreversibility in€GORD: vCLO; Cause of€GORD: Lower Esophageal Sphincter Damage; The Normal LOS and€Consequence of€Abdominal LOS Damage; Mechanism of€LOS Damage; Relationship Between LOS Damage and€GORD; Mechanism of€Maintenance of€LOS Pressure; In Search of€Accurate Definitions; Histologic Definitions of€Epithelia in€the€Esophagus and€Stomach; The Squamo-Oxyntic Gap; Definition of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap; The Length of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap; The Epithelial Composition of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap. The Location of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap Autopsy Studies of€the€GOJ; The Squamo-Oxyntic Gap in€Different Populations; People Without GORD Symptoms; GORD Patients with€No Endoscopic Abnormality; Patients with€a€vCLO at Endoscopy; The Distal Part of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap Correlates with€Damage to€the€Abdominal Los; Definition of€the€Gastroesophageal Junction (GOJ); Genesis and€Progression of€the€Squamo-Oxyntic Gap; Columnar Metaplasia Due€to€LOS Effacement Without Reflux; Columnar Metaplasia of€the€Esophageal Body Due€to€LOS Failure and€Reflux; A New Pathologic Test of€Los Damage. Measurement at Autopsy Measurement in€Esophago-Gastrectomy Specimens; Measurement at Endoscopy with€Present Biopsy Forceps; Future Ideal Endoscopic Measurement; Conclusion; References; Part II: Cancer Progression in the Distal Esophagus; Chapter 5: Diagnosis by Endoscopy and€Advanced Imaging of€Barrett's Neoplasia; Introduction; Endoscopic Diagnosis of€Early Neoplasia in€Barrett's Esophagus; Use Best Endoscope Available; You Do Not Detect What You€See, You€Detect What You€Recognize; Perform a€Systematic Endoscopic Inspection; Advanced Imaging Techniques in€Barrett's Esophagus.