Drug‐like sphingolipid SH‐BC‐893 opposes ceramide‐induced mitochondrial fission and corrects diet‐induced obesity

  • Jayashankar V
  • Selwan E
  • Hancock S
  • et al.
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Abstract

Ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission drives high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, molecules targeting mitochondrial dynamics have shown limited benefits in murine obesity models. Here, we reveal that these compounds are either unable to block ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission or require extended incubation periods to be effective. In contrast, targeting endolysosomal trafficking events important for mitochondrial fission rapidly and robustly prevented ceramide-induced disruptions in mitochondrial form and function. By simultaneously inhibiting ARF6- and PIKfyve-dependent trafficking events, the synthetic sphingolipid SH-BC-893 blocked palmitate- and ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial function, and prevented ER stress in␣vitro. Similar benefits were observed in the tissues of HFD-fed mice. Within 4 h of oral administration, SH-BC-893 normalized mitochondrial morphology in the livers and brains of HFD-fed mice, improved mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue, and corrected aberrant plasma leptin and adiponectin levels. As an interventional agent, SH-BC-893 restored normal body weight, glucose disposal, and hepatic lipid levels in mice consuming a HFD. In sum, the sphingolipid analog SH-BC-893 robustly and acutely blocks ceramide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, correcting diet-induced obesity and its metabolic sequelae.

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Jayashankar, V., Selwan, E., Hancock, S. E., Verlande, A., Goodson, M. O., Eckenstein, K. H., … Edinger, A. L. (2021). Drug‐like sphingolipid SH‐BC‐893 opposes ceramide‐induced mitochondrial fission and corrects diet‐induced obesity. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013086

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